![[Image: merlin_133981058_0359d92a-3b79-4b72-b075...rJumbo.jpg]](https://static01.nyt.com/images/2018/03/15/business/00INDIA-2/merlin_133981058_0359d92a-3b79-4b72-b075-468ff9ec393a-superJumbo.jpg)
Seeking to build an identification system of unprecedented scope, India is scanning the fingerprints, eyes and faces of its 1.3 billion residents and connecting the data to everything from welfare benefits to mobile phones.
Civil libertarians are horrified, viewing the program, called Aadhaar, as Orwell’s Big Brother brought to life.
The government has made registration mandatory for hundreds of public services and many private ones, from taking school exams to opening bank accounts.
The potential uses — from surveillance to managing government benefit programs — have drawn interest elsewhere. Sri Lanka is planning a similar system, and Britain, Russia and the Philippines are studying it, according to the Indian government.
The poor must scan their fingerprints at the ration shop to get their government allocations of rice. Retirees must do the same to get their pensions. Middle-school students cannot enter the water department’s annual painting contest until they submit their identification.
In some cities, newborns cannot leave the hospital until their parents sign them up. Even leprosy patients, whose illness damages their fingers and eyes, have been told they must pass fingerprint or iris scans to get their benefits.
The government argues that the universal ID is vital in a country where hundreds of millions of people do not have widely accepted identification documents.
Before Aadhaar, hundreds of millions of Indians could not easily prove who they were.
“If you are not able to prove your identity, you are disenfranchised,” .... “You have no existence.”
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